Publications
All peer reviewed publications are listed below.
Displaying page 23 of 23.
Childhood accidents involving the electric jug - options for prevention | 1981
Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A.
Burns, 1981, 7(7), 1-6.
Our ref: RO12
Research involving scalds to children is described and some of the preventive options involving the electric jug are outlined.
« Hide abstract
Hospital admissions during the first five years of life | 1980
Simons, B., Bradshaw, J., Silva,
... Show all »
New Zealand Medical Journal, 1980, 91(91), 144-147.
Our ref: NZ14
Admissions to hospital experienced by 991 Dunedin children in the first five years of life are described. Changes in behaviour reported by the mothers as following these admissions were related to the age of the child, circumstances of admission, and extent of contact with parents. Twenty-seven percent of the children had been in hospital and 7% more than once. The majority of admissions were short, particularly for the older children, and parent contact was usual. The majority of admissions were not followed by reported changes in behaviour. Children between 13 and 36 months had the highest incidence of reported behaviour deterioration (25%). Children between 36 and 60 months had the highest incidence of improved behaviour (22%). These results are discussed in relationship to other research on the effects of admission to hospital on young children.
« Hide abstract
A study of mothers' health | 1980
Dodge, J.S., Silva, P.A.
New Zealand Medical Journal, 1980, 91(91), 353-355.
Link to full publication »
Our ref: NZ13
The physical and mental health of the mothers of 991 children being examined in phase five of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study was assessed through two questionnaires which were designed to show changes in health status rather than to indicate defined disease. Less than one in five of the mothers gave no positive responses to the questionnaire on physical health and less than two in five gave no positive responses to the questionnaire on psychological health. The general level of health was lower than anticipated. Younger mothers showed more positive responses overall than older mothers and more frequent positive responses correlated significantly with family size and the presence of younger children in the family. It is considered that pressure of child rearing, especially in the larger families and in families with preschool aged children contribute to this lower health status.
« Hide abstract
Dental health of 5 year old children: A report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study | 1980
Evans, R.W., Beck D.J., Brown, R.H.
New Zealand Dental Journal, 1980, 76(76), 179-186.
Our ref: NZ12
The objectives of the DMHDS dental study were: to determine the dental health of the children; to obtain information on specific dental behaviours, the utilisation of the School Dental Service, and on parental attitudes towards dental matters; to study the bedtime eating habits of the children; to examine the relationship between dental health and developmental, behavioural, cultural, and social factors. This paper describes the first objective - dental health of the children, including dental caries, oral hygiene, and developmental anomalies; reports on the other objectives are to be presented subsequently.
« Hide abstract
Skeletal maturity in seven year old Dunedin children | 1980
Birkbeck, J.A., Herbert C.M.
New Zealand Medical Journal, 1980, 92(92), 312-313.
Our ref: NZ11
A study of 433 boys' and 403 girls' left hand/wrist radiographs taken within 0.1 years of the child's seventh birthday shows that the median equivalent skeletal maturity using the TW 2 20-bone score is identical to the English standards, and the RUS score is only slightly above the standards. It is thus valid to use Tanner's standards when assessing New Zealand white children. The wide range of values in a healthy population is stressed.
« Hide abstract
Anthropometric studies on Dunedin five and six year old children | 1980
Birkbeck, J.A., Guthrie, A.M.
New Zealand Medical Journal, 1980, 91(91), 331-334.
Our ref: NZ10
This paper describes stature, sitting height, Cormix index, height velocity, indices of body mass, skinfold measures, head circumference, and muscle mass measures taken on five and six year old children.
« Hide abstract
Some factors contributing to intelligence at age of school entry | 1980
Silva, P.A., Bradshaw, J.
British Journal of Educational Psychology, 1980, 50(50), 11-16.
Our ref: RO9
The study described the contribution of a variety of variables to intelligence at age five.
« Hide abstract
Experiences, activities and the preschool child | 1980
Silva, P.A.
Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 1980, 5(5), 13-19.
Our ref: RO8
This paper describes preschool children's experiences and activities and the relationship between these and a variety of measures of child development.
« Hide abstract
The prevalence, stability and significance of developmental language delays in preschool children | 1980
Silva, P.A.
Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 1980, 22(22), 768-777.
Our ref: RO7
A sample of 937 children in Dunedin, New Zealand, was assessed at ages three and five years in order to estimate the nature, prevalence, stability and significance of developmental language delays in three-year-olds. Assessments included language development, intelligence, and fine and gross motor-co-ordination. Detailed results are given which described three types of language delay at age three: delayed verbal comprehension only, delayed verbal expression only, and delayed development in both aspects of language. Follow-up testing at age five indicated that the specific language delays were not highly stable, whereas delays in both aspects were highly stable. A large proportion of the latter children gained very low scores on the measures at age five, and they accounted for 84 per cent of all children with very low intelligence. The implications of the results for a screening programme to identify three-year-old children at high risk of later developmental delays are considered.
« Hide abstract
A study of the relationship of ninety background, developmental, behavioural and medical factors to child hood accidents. A report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study | 1980
Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Williams,
... Show all »
Australian Paediatric Journal, 1980, 16(16), 244-247.
Our ref: RO6
This study showed that there were very few characteristics of the child that were significantly associated with injury occurrence.
« Hide abstract
Motor co-ordination and childhood accidents | 1980
Langley, J.D., Silva, P.A., Williams,
... Show all »
Journal of Safety Research, 1980, 12(12), 75-78.
Our ref: RO17
This study showed a positive correlation between motor co-ordination and number of accidents experienced by children. The size of the association, however, was not sufficiently large to be considered clinically significant.
« Hide abstract
Gross motor development and delays in development in early childhood: Assessment and significance | 1980
Silva, P.A., Ross, B.
Journal of Human Movement Studies, 1980, 6(6), 9-24.
Our ref: RO11
This paper describes the modification and use of the Bayley Motor Scales at ages three and four and the McCarthy Leg Co-ordination Scale at ages five and six. Relationships between these measures of motor development and language development, intelligence, perceptual motor development, speech articulation, and early reading are presented.
« Hide abstract
Some factors contributing to language development in three year old children | 1980
Silva, P.A., Fergusson, D.M.
European (fmr Br) Journal of Disorders of Communication, 1980, 15(15), 205-214.
Our ref: RO10
This paper reports a path analysis of the contribution of maternal mental ability, maternal education, socio-economic status, maternal training in child development, birth weight, and child experiences to verbal comprehension and verbal expression.
« Hide abstract
Mode of delivery and developmental characteristics in a thousand Dunedin three year olds | 1979
Silva, P.A., Buckfield, P.M., Spears,
... Show all »
New Zealand Medical Journal, 1979, 89(89), 79-81.
Our ref: NZ9
A study of 1037 representative Dunedin children delivered by a variety of modes was described. The results showed that there were no significant differences in maternal general mental ability, training in child development, or background of child experiences among the five delivery groups studied. Also, there were no significant differences between children who were spontaneous deliveries or any of the other groups in age at which the developmental milestones were achieved, nor in any of the developmental characteristics assessed.
« Hide abstract
The significance of early delays in motor development | 1979
Silva, P.A.
New Zealand Journal of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1979, 12(12), 18-20.
Our ref: NZ8
This early paper has now been superseded by a number of others (e.g. see RO26 and RO27).
« Hide abstract
The Plunket Society: A consumer survey | 1979
Geddis, D.C., Silva, P.A.
New Zealand Medical Journal, 1979, 90(90), 507-509.
Our ref: NZ7
This paper reports findings from a survey of mothers of children in the Child Development Study with regard to their use of Plunket services and their opinions on various aspects that they believed required improvement.
« Hide abstract
Three year old twins and singletons: A comparison of some perinatal, environmental, experiential and developmental characteristics | 1979
McDiarmid, J.McK., Silva, P.A.
Australian Paediatric Journal, 1979, 15(15), 243-247.
Our ref: RO5
This paper shows that three year old twins were disadvantaged in comparison with singletons. It presents evidence to show that these disadvantages were of perinatal rather than post natal origin. Follow up papers with results at ages five and seven are RO20, and age nine and eleven RO70.
« Hide abstract
Accidents in the first five years of life | 1979
Langley, J.D., Dodge, J.S., Silva,
... Show all »
Australian Paediatric Journal, 1979, 15(15), 255-259.
Our ref: RO4
This paper reports accidents resulting in injuries experienced by children from birth to five years.
« Hide abstract
Poisoning, burns, and other accidents experienced by a thousand Dunedin three year olds: A report from The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study | 1978
Silva, P.A., Buckfield, P.M., Spears,
... Show all »
New Zealand Medical Journal, 1978, 87(87), 242-244.
Our ref: NZ6
Poisoning, burns, and other accidents experienced by 1037 Dunedin children during their first three years of life are described. 7.8% of the children ingested poison, 4.9% were burned, and 21.4% experienced other accidents for which medical advice was sought. The children who had been poisoned were of significantly lower intelligence than the remainder although those who had had other accidents did not differ significantly in this respect. The mothers of children poisoned or who had had accidents were not significantly different from the remainder in terms of general mental ability or training in child development.
« Hide abstract
SRA verbal test scores from 1011 women | 1978
Silva, P.A.
New Zealand Psychologist, 1978, 7(7), 47-48.
Our ref: NZ5
The results obtained from an administrtion of the SRA Verbal test to 1011 Dunedin women are described. There was no significant correlation between SRA Verbal test scores and age. Correlations with the Burt Reading Test and educational level were .598 and .433 respectively.
« Hide abstract
Breast-feeding and some reasons for electing to wean the infant: A report from The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study | 1978
Hood, L.J., Faed, J.A., Silva,
... Show all »
New Zealand Medical Journal, 1978, 88(88), 273-276.
Our ref: NZ4
Data are presented on the prevalence of breast feeding among 1037 Dunedin mothers who gave birth to infants between April 1972 and March 1973 and their reasons for weaning. Although breast feeding was becoming more common at that time, more than two-thirds of the mothers weaned their babies as a result of the difficulties they encountered. One of the most significant factors in lactation failure is the mismanagement of breast feeding by health professionals.
« Hide abstract
Some maternal and child developmental characteristics associated with breast-feeding: A report from The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study | 1978
Silva, P.A., Buckfield, P.M., Spears,
... Show all »
Australian Paediatric Journal, 1978, 14(14), 265-268.
Our ref: RO3
This study used a matched comparison group design. It has now been superseded by a more comprehensive study using analysis of co-variance reporting results from birth to age seven. (See RO23)
« Hide abstract
An evaluation and cross cultural comparison of the Reynell Developmental Language Scales | 1977
McKerracher, D.W., Saklofske, D.H., Silva,
... Show all »
Australian Reading Education Journal, 1977, 2(2), 14-17.
Our ref: RO2
This paper compares results from the Reynell Developmental Language Scales for three year old English and Dunedin children. It shows remarkable similarity between the Dunedin results and those reported in the English manual for the test.
« Hide abstract
Socio-economic status, maternal characteristics, child experience, and intelligence in preschool children | 1976
Silva, P.A., Fergusson, D.M.
New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 1976, 11(11), 180-188.
Our ref: NZ3
This paper describes a path analysis of the influence of socio-economic status, various maternal characteristics and child experiences on intelligence in a sample of four year old children who were born in 1968.
« Hide abstract
Neonatal at-risk factors, visual defects, and the preschool child: A report from The Queen Mary Hospital Multidisciplinary Child Development Study | 1976
Ellingham, T.R., Silva, P.A., Buckfield,
... Show all »
New Zealand Medical Journal, 1976, 11(11), 74-77.
Our ref: NZ2
An experimental group of 142 children aged four years who had experienced neonatal at risk factors and a control group of 112 children whose perinatal histories were optimal had vision screening tests to detect defective vision or strabismus. Five (3.5 percent) in the at risk group and 10 (8.9 percent) in the control group (total 15, 5.9 percent) were found to have a visual defect. Of those, six had already been identified because of a manifest squint. Nine children with defective vision were first identified through the study. The importance of the early identification and treatment of visual disorders, particularly amblyopia, is emphasised, and recommendations are made for more widespread vision screening of preschool children.
« Hide abstract
The value of long-term follow-up following perinatal problems | 1976
Silva, P.A.
Bulletin of the Post Graduate Committee in Medicine, Special Issue, 1976, 153-162.
Our ref: RO1
This report describes some early findings from a cohort of children born during 1968. The results have now largely been superseded by results from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study cohort. (See RO31, RO42, RO43, NZ29, PJ5, UR1, UR13)
« Hide abstract
The later growth of children who were preterm and small for gestational age | 1975
Clarkson, J.E., Silva, P.A., Buckfield,
... Show all »
New Zealand Medical Journal, 1975, 81(81), 279-282.
Our ref: NZ1
The four-year-old growth status of 56 preterm, 35 small for gestational age, and 111 randomly selected appropriate weight for gestational age children who were born at the Queen Mary Hospital (Dunedin) in 1968, is described. Children who were preterm but were greater than 2500g at birth were significantly heavier, taller and had larger head circumference measures than the control group. Preterm children who had weighed less than 2500g at birth were significantly lighter than the controls. Children who were smaller for gestational age were significantly shorter and lighter than the control group. Other results were reported on relationships between gestational age and birth weight and the later growth status of children, and some implications were discussed.
« Hide abstract
Occurrence, Associations, and Impacts of Nocturnal Parafunction, Daytime Parafunction, and Temporomandibular Symptoms in 38-Year-Old Individuals | 219
Fan, W.Y. Tiang, N. Brown, R.H. Thomson, W. M
Oral & Facial Pain and Headache, 219, 33(3), 254-259.
https://doi.org/10.11607/ofph.2221
Link to full publication »
Our ref: RO704
Aims: To investigate the occurrence, associations, and impacts of self-reported nocturnal parafunction, daytime parafunction, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain, and TMJ clicking in a New Zealand birth cohort of 38-year-old individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of data from a longstanding prospective observational study of a Dunedin, New Zealand birth cohort was undertaken. A questionnaire was used to measure self-reported nocturnal parafunction, daytime parafunction, TMJ pain, and TMJ clicking, and the short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) tool was used to measure the impacts of these factors while controlling for personality traits. Results: Of the 912 participants (49.7% female) who were dentally assessed and had completed questionnaire data, 31.6% reported nocturnal parafunction and 48.3% reported daytime parafunction. TMJ pain was reported by 29.4% and TMJ clicking by 34.8%. The prevalence of daytime grinding was significantly greater among women (54.2%) than men (42.5%), as was the prevalence of TMJ pain (34.5% and 24.1%, respectively). Those with parafunction or TMJ symptoms had higher mean OHIP-14 scores, and this difference remained significant after controlling for sex, socioeconomic status, xerostomia, untreated dental caries, missing teeth, and personality traits. Conclusion: People with parafunction or TMJ symptoms have poorer oral health–related quality of life than those without these symptoms.
« Hide abstract
